The Theory Of God s Death - 2259 Words

When Friedrich Nietzsche proclaimed God’s death, he meant modern culture has ceased to look to God for answers to existential questions. An example of this shift may be seen in A Brief History of Time, where in 1996 the famous cosmologist Stephen Hawkins posited that even a scientific understanding of the universe’s beginning at the Big Bang does not preclude a belief that God created the universe. In other words, science does not rule out God’s possibility. Less than 20 years later, Hawkins rejected even God’s possibility. Before we understood science, it was logical to believe [in] God†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Hawkins told a reporter in 2014, â€Å"[b]ut now science offers a more convincing explanation†¦I m an atheist. Science has replaced God, as Hawkins’s statement corroborates, making faith in God illogical and therefore untenable. Hawkins’s position, which can perhaps stand as a methaphor for secular society’s evolution to atheist ism in general, highlights the challenge of speaking about faith in God to a post-enlightenment, postmodern, society. When viewed rationally, the idea of faith in God seems irrational because the existence of religious faith’s object, God, cannot be scientifically, rationally, demonstrated. Furthermore, denominational violence, fanaticism, oppression in God’s name, and clerical sex abuse have wasted much of religion’s moral power and in the process drained many of their faith. If reason is the measure and history is the example, then a more fundamental questionShow MoreRelatedDoes God Exist? C. S. Lewis1521 Words   |  7 Pages Does God Exist?C. S. Lewis once remarked that God is not the sort of thing one can be moderately interested in. After all, if God does not exist, there is no reason to be interested in God at all. 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Reflection for “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” - 2242 Words

Reflection for â€Å"I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings† Abstract This essay consists of three sections. The first section, a brief synopsis of the book â€Å"I know why caged bird sings† is presented. At the second part, three insights after reading the book are introduced. That is, metaphor of caged bird, power of literacy, and power of silence. At the last section, discipline-specific knowledge that relevant to the main character of book is stated. Synopsis of the Text This autobiography is Maya Angelou’s coming of age story, and follows Marguerite’s (called â€Å"My’ or â€Å"Maya† by her brother) life from the age of three to seventeen. In this story, Angelou as the storyteller, tells the audience about her experiences as an African†¦show more content†¦Maya sees Momma through the window coping with ignorance while being dignified. When these girls go to leave, Momma says to them â€Å"Bye, Miz†. 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This command of the English language and the grace with which she writes allows for a pleasant reading experience. Her style is especially prominent in I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, where the early events of Angelou’s life are vividly described to the reader in the postmodern literary fashion. In order to understand Maya Angelou’s works, one must first understand the postmodern time period. Postmodernism gotRead MoreI Know Why The Caged Bird Sings1555 Words   |  7 Pages28th of May 2014, she was an Activist, acclaimed American poet, storyteller and autobiographer. However, all her accomplishments were born out of abuse, violence, neglect and pain, that she wrote about in her autobiographical novel, I know why the caged bird sings which was published in 1969. In the book, she wrote not only about the conflicts that plagued her for much of her life but also how the role they played in her life. 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Human Resource ManagerRole

Question: Describethe task of the human resource manager of a leading retail organisation selling music CDs and DVDs. Answer: Introduction The report describes the task of the human resource manager of a leading retail organisation selling music CDs and DVDs. The scenario of the report deals with a situation in which a famous retail organisation which sells audio and film equipments like CDs and DVDs is undergoing through downsizing of the store. Nowadays people all over the world get easy access to the current movies and music videos through the internet. This has resulted in reduction in the sales volume of the music store. Hence, the management of the organisation has planned to downsize the retail store. At the same time the management of the organisation plans to restructure and develop a branch of their business line up to enter into the world of the internet download. In this report the author describes the task of the HR manager of the company to explore different avenues and opportunities to do the same.Many researchers and scholars have conducted studies on the fate of the music stores since the free download of music and movies from the internet gained grounds. The studies reveal the facts that many companies of the world have faced the same problem of decline in the sale values over the past few years. The studies ensure that the public have not lost interest in movies and music of recent times. It is the easy access of the music and movies online has resulted in such a scenario. The main problem in todays situation is that the internet has increased the audience for movies and music but it has affected the market for these in an adverse manner (the Guardian 2011).Some of the articles and journals also highlight some other facts that are of genuine concern to the people all over the world as well as the directors of the music stores all over the world. These articles denote that over the past few years much of the values that films and music creates in the market have benefited some other companies like the technology firms. There are some other websites like Pirates Bay, which makes m oney in an illegal manner by providing major-label albums. This has resulted in the sharp decline in the sale of the music to lower than half of what it was before ten years. Studies reveal that the famous website YouTube has shown video clips of famous music shows on television to build a business. The company Google bought that clip from YouTube for $1.65bn. The world of piracy was a source of constant trouble to the music stores all over the world. The internet changed the sales figures of the stores selling music CDs and DVDs because the internet enables the rapid transformation of digital data.Taking note of the above discussion, the human resource manager of the retail store selling music CDs and DVDs plans some strategic methods to overcome this problem. The author of the report describes the external and internal data that the human resource manager would provide to the managers and leaders of the organisation that would give an overview to the problem. The report would desc ribe the methods in which the HR manager would collect and analyse the data and also interpret the data. Problem statement The problem statement of this report concerns with the present scenario of downsizing of the retail music store and restructuring the line of business into the world of the free download of the music from the internet. Since there is a great demand for accessing and downloading free music and movies from the internet among the people all over the world, the music company wants to reach these audiences by expanding their business into the world of the internet. Hence the main problem question is that how can the managers and leaders of the music company downsize the retail music store and restructure and retrain their business devoted to the internet download? Description of the Data To address the problems that the author described above, the Human resource manager of the music company goes through some of the internal and contextual data and tries to analyse them. Then the human resource personnel present the report of his analysis to the higher authority of the music company so that they can take the necessary steps to overcome the problem. Few years back before the advent of the popularity of the free download of music from the internet, people would buy music CDs from stores by paying a few Dollars. With the arrival of iTunes, the iTunes took over the world of the recording business. In todays times people play music videos free of cost on YouTube and also stream songs on MOG or Spotify. The amount of the money that the artists earn for these services is not possible for them to keep the records (www.rollingstone.com 2016).Some of the internal data that the human resource manager can collect and analyse depends on the sale figures of the music store per mont h, the number of employees working in the store and the number of CDs, Cassettes and DVDs that the music store sales in each day. The internal sources of data include the information source that is available within the organisation or the music company. The internal sources are the indispensible sources of data without which the human resource personnel and the managers and leaders of the music company cannot come to any conclusion to solve the existing problem. Some of the internal sources of data include the following: the loss and profit accounts of the company, the balance sheets for different years, the report that the salesperson provides, statistics of the expenditure in advertisement, the cost of transportation to the different stores across the city. The human resource executive can easily access these internal data of the music company. the person would not have to incur any additional burden on the finance to receive these information (YourArticleLibrary.com 2014).The hum an resource manager also needs to collect some external or contextual information to arrive at a strategic plan to overcome the problems. The external data is of great importance for the thorough and detailed investigation into the problem. The human resource manager can obtain external data in the following two types: the primary data and the secondary data. The primary data is the information that the human resource manager can collect from direct sources. For instance, the HR executive can provide a feedback form to every customer who visits the music store that would contain few questions about the relevant topic. The form may contain questions regarding the tastes and preferences of the customers regarding music and movies, their level of satisfaction regarding the services of the music Company, etc (Wilcox et al. 2012).The Human Resource manager can collect some of the secondary data from some external sources like the newspapers and periodicals or from relevant music websites . The journals and magazines that talk about the issues related to the problems of the film and music industry would provide the relevant data to the HR manager. There are many websites, blogs as well that highlight the issues of the piracy and the free download of the movies and music videos from the internet. The HR manager can get an idea about what needs to be done in the present scenario from these sources of information. The HR executive can gather these secondary data at minimal cost. It requires less time for the HR to collect the secondary data as compared to the primary data which demands the involvement of the customers, vendors, dealers of the store (Rhodes et al. 2014). Data analysis and interpretation In todays competitive business environment the internal database of the organisation is one of the most important assets. The HR would find solutions to the existing problems by critically analysing the data that the person has collected from internal as well as external sources. The professional data analytics process would help the HR find answers to the questions. When the HR manager would map the internal data of the music company, he would find trends and patterns about some of the important aspects such as the sales volume of the music store. The mapping of the companys internal data structure would enable the HR manager to capture, procure and process the data (Centroidtraining.com 2016). The HR manager can also perform some statistical analysis of the quantitative data that he has obtained from different sources. The statistical analysis of the data would include time series analysis and regression analysis. The time series analysis would enable the analyst to forecast the sa les figure for any time period in the future. The analyst would perform the data analysis using statistical software like excel or SPSS.After analysing the data, the HR would prepare a report of the findings of the analysis. The report of the HR would direct the line manager and the leaders of the organisation in the right path to overcome the existing issues. The report would highlight the decline in the sales figures of the company. The report of the HR manager would also throw light on the tastes, choices and preferences of the customers. Knowing all these information, the leaders and managers of the music company would plan to expand their line of business to the world of internet download and to downsize the existing retail store. Role of Internal transformation agent The music company needs to transform their internal as well as external structures in order to maintain their profits and to survive in this competitive world. Many scholars and researchers have categorised the change agents in the Human Resource department of an organisation as the incremental and transformational agents. The transformational change is a major change that has drastic implications on the practices and policies of the HR department of the organisation (Sonenshein 2016). Studies reveal that the change agents are the persons who help to initiate the changes in the organisation. The change agent also manages the changes in the organisational set up. Some scholars are of the view the internal change agent in an organisation can foster the introduction of new technologies in the organisation. The change agents organises training for the staffs of the company to incorporate the new change (Fuda 2012).The change agent in an organisation is a person who is responsible for coo rdinating and organising the overall effort for the change. The internal change agents of the organisation are the persons either from the HR department of the organisation or from the leaders of the organisation. The role of the internal change agents of an organisation has a framework of doing, seeing, being skills. The doing skills of the internal change agents comprises of the methods for creation of the change and some other specific skills. The being skills of the change agent consist of some of the personal qualities and characteristics of the person. The seeing skills of the internal change agent denote the ability of the person to make sense of certain perceptions of reality and to reshape those (Birken et al. 2013).The author of the report describes the role of the internal change agent in a precise manner as follows:1. The agents create a set up for success of the organisation without controlling the business process.2. The agents provide appropriate solutions to the seni or executives of the company without resorting to any resentment.3. The agents are responsible for applying tools, models and frameworks.4. The agents perceive the leaders of the company under the light of sympathy.5. The agents perceive the interventions in a context of strategic set-up.6. The transformation agents are very optimistic in nature, selfless and courageous (Njoki Muchira 2015).From the above discussion, one can clearly understand the roles of the internal transformation agents of the company. The transformation agents are the pioneers in implementing different strategic options for downsizing the retail music store and for restructuring and retraining the business of the music company. Strategic Options Being the internal change agent of the music company, the person would consider certain options that would help him to downsize the existing music store. As the store is not giving enough profit in terms of sales values, the company might think of different other ways to increase their profit margins and sales figures. One such way is to reduce the size of the music store by applying different strategies. The author in this report describes some of the underlying assumptions that the human resource department, the line managers and the leaders of the company might have in their minds at the time of downsizing the music store.1. The leaders of the organisation consider that the smaller size of the organisations would ensure better performance of the company. According to the leaders of the company, the size of the firm sometimes becomes a liability.2. The managers and leaders of the company are of the view that declining and downsizing of the organisation, as well as the growth of the organisation are very much desirable and natural to the development of the organisation.3. The leaders of the organisation and the managers associate the concept of downsizing the organisation with flexibility and adaptability. Efficient lines of production and the delivery of the services improves quality, reduces cost and increases the speed.4. The leaders assume that inconsistency and conflict in the business environment strongly supports the effectiveness of the organisations. Organisations that resize consistently are very successful in their business operations (webuser.bus.umich.edu 2016).Having discussed the assumptions that the leaders and managers of the company make at the time of downsizing, the author in this article describes the meaning and the features of the strategies of downsizing. The downsizing of the organisation comprises of a set of measures that the management of the organisation undertake to improve the productivity, efficiency and competitiveness of the o rganisation. In the present scenario, the leaders and managers of the music company resort to downsizing the music store to increase their profit margins and to effectively channelize their line of business in a different field. Downsizing of the music store represents the strategies that the managers of the company would implement that would affect the workforce of the store, the costs of production and the flow of work (Andreeva et al. 2015).Some of the key characteristics of downsizing the music store are the following: declining, building down, dismantling, reorganizing and redirecting, de-hiring and compressing, contraction and reduction in workforce to name a few. From a wider perspective, one can associate downsizing of a firm to be merely the reduction in size of the organisation. Downsizing of organisations sometimes help to increase the market share of the company or to enhance the revenue. The cutting down of some of the human resources of the company is a part of the dow nsizing policy of the company. The music company plans to downsize the existing music store by implementing some of the methods that the author discussed in this report. The music company also reorganises and restructures their line of business. The reorganisation and the restructuring of the music store form a part of the downsizing strategies. The music company may lose a huge amount of the employees while downsizing. The leaders and the managers of the company need to reallocate the responsibilities and tasks to the other members efficiently. The restructuring of the business would improve the amount of output of work as compared to the input given. The company mainly concentrates on the restructuring of their existing line of business in order to focus more on the core business or the core capabilities of the business. The main interest of the company lies in focussing on the revenue or profit generating lines of the business.The employees and units of the company whom the leaders do not consider to be a part of the revenue generating process are the ones whom the company downsizes. The company might appoint some outside sources such as vendors and dealers to sell their products as a part of their downsizing and restructuring activity. Apart from laying off unproductive employees from the music store, some of the other restructuring efforts of the company may include complete closing of the retail store. The company may also merge with other music companies or may over-haul the internal structure of their business (Ashman 2015). All these form a major part of the restructuring and retraining strategies of the company.Scholars and researchers in this area often characterize the work on restructuring the organisations to be the process of thinking fundamentally and redesigning the business in a radical way. The scholars in their articles also describe restructuring to be the process in business that would enable the business to achieve huge improvements in contemporary and critical measure s in the business. Some of these measures include improvement in quality, cost, service, speed and profit (Referenceforbusiness.com 2016). The downsizing efforts of the company may include introduction of labour saving and new technologies. For example the music company may install computerised networks all over their business plant. This would enhance the communication and interaction with their customers. Eventually the need for customer assistance personnel would reduce. However, the efforts for downsizing and restructuring may have mixed results. Introduction of E-commerce website The managers and leaders of the company have plans to expand their existing business into the world of e-business. In order to reach a wider range of customers, the company can restructure their business line-up by setting up an e-commerce website through which the customers can easily buy their products. Setting up an e-commerce business involves a lot of hard work and careful planning. The company needs to take the necessary steps and make decisions at the right time (Agarwal and Wu 2015). The author describes some of the steps in which the music company can set up an e-commerce business.1. Choosing a product to sell: The company must first select a product that has high demand in the market. The music company can launch the latest music videos, movie CDs and DVDs in their website. This may be one of the most challenging step to set up an e-commerce business as the company first needs to identify the products that the customer wants.2. Evaluating the idea of e-business: Once the co mpany decides on the products, which needs to sell through their website t the company must evaluate and scrutinise the idea of selling the products through website. The company needs to evaluate the products and also the market for the product.3. Scrutinising the competition: The company needs to make some efforts to research about the existing competition for their products in the e-business market. Obtaining idea about the competition in the market would help the company to make effective strategies to survive in the competition.4. Formulation of the business plan: The next step that the company should follow is to formulate a suitable plan for their e-business. The business plan would enable the company to move in the right direction. A proper business plan would help the leaders and managers of the company to bring their thoughts and ideas together. Further, the importance of the business plan is to determine the way in which the company can achieve success in the e-business.5. Building of online store: There are many critical elements that the company needs to take care of before setting up their online store. The company needs to design their online store website. They need to write attractive descriptions of their products. The company needs to include beautiful photographs of their products to push them into the minds of their customers (store et al. 2016).Advantages of E-commerce businessThe music store can gain immense advantage by implementing the e-business set-up. The author discusses some of the advantages that the company would get by the e-business in the report.1. Taking the help of the e-commerce, the music company can expand their business into the domestic as well as international market. The capital investment would also not be very high. The company can easily locate best suppliers and more customers all over the globe.2. The e-commerce business would help the music company to improve their image as a brand.3. The e-commerce business wou ld help the company to reduce the cost of creation of the process and the cost of distribution.4. The company can provide better services to their customers through the e-commerce business.5. The e-commerce enables the company to simplify the process of the business and make the business processes efficient and quicker.6. The e-commerce helps to increase the productivity of the music company. The e-commerce business supports the pull type management of the supply. In this type of management, the process of business starts functioning when a customer makes a request. The company uses the just-in-time way of manufacturing (www.tutorialspoint.com 2016).From the above discussion, one can see that the company can easily overcome the problem of reduction in the sale values by expanding their business by implementing the e-commerce strategies and by downsizing the existing retail music store. Implementation of the plan In the following section, the author tries to evaluate the ways in which the leaders and managers of the company can implement the methods of downsizing and restructuring. To overcome the problem of the declining sales values of the retail music store, the music company needs to make careful planning to implement the methods of downsizing the store. The management of the company and the leaders are also of the view that restructuring their line of business into the world of e-commerce would enable them to earn more profit and reach more customers. All these need the efficient implementation of the downsizing and restructuring plan.Trust and Ethical aspects of downsizingEliminating unproductive and unnecessary employees from the organisation forms a major part of the downsizing. The elimination of employees can have a painful personal impact on the owners of the small-business. The atmosphere of work in the small business environment like the music store is very similar to the atmosph ere of the family. A small group of workers work together and hence they are always available to help each other in times of need. Offering notice of termination to the employee can have a negative impact on the reputation and brand image of the organisation.At the time of terminating some of the employees as part of the downsizing programme, the company should strictly follow the criteria for termination as mentioned in the terms of employment. Some businesses terminate extra workers due to lack of their capital. Some of the business organisations eliminate employees just to increase their margins of profit. Some employers address the decreasing sale values of their business as a reason for employee termination. The managers and leaders of the company cite all the above mentioned reasons for the termination of extra employees. The company should concentrate on some of the ethical aspects of terminating their employees (Lakshman et al. 2014).If the business organisation is small eno ugh in which the directors and leaders of the company know each of the employees very well, then they might be inclined to hold back some of the employees of their choice. These employees may not be very useful to the organisation. It is very important for the leaders of the organisation to consider the loyalty of the employee to his work at the time of making decisions of terminating the employee. The higher authorities of the music company should first identify a position from which they want to terminate the employee. The managers need to review the terms of employment and termination of the employee before eliminating the worker. The company must fulfil all the obligations that the company has towards the worker before eliminating him. It would be an ethical decision for the company to pay all the dues to the employee for all the work he has done that might bring profit for the company in future.The company should choose proper words to write in the termination letter to the emp loyee. If the company divulges extra information to the employee at the time of termination, the employee might use that information in future to take legal actions against the company. So the author suggests the concerned departments of the company to consult with an advisor or employment expert before writing the termination letter to the employee. The company should hold a meeting with all the employees that it wants to terminate as a part of the downsizing process. The company should involve a witness to be present in that meeting. The company should discuss clearly with the employees that they need to sign at the time of separation. The company should also clearly explain the way in which it would settle the final payment to be made to the terminated employees (Smallbusiness.chron.com 2016).Role of Communication in downsizing and restructuringThe author in this report describes the role of communication in downsizing and restructuring the organisation. The author discusses this under the light of human resource approach. The communication from the human resource manager in an organisation should be based on the well being of the employees as well as the production. The human resource manager should take into account the emotions of the employees while communicating to them at the time of downsizing and restructuring the organisation. The workers of the company whom the company holds back after the downsizing can perform even better if the human resource department of the organisation can communicate with them properly. The human resource approach of communication recognises that the labour of an individual is one of the most important sources for fulfilling the goals of the organisation.There are great amounts of communications that take place in an organisation. There are four aspects of the organisational communication, which the author wants to discuss in this report. These aspects are the following:1. The content and topic of the communication2. The c hannel of communication3. The style of communication4. The direction in which the communication movesThe human resource manager mainly focuses on the social aspects, the job and the innovative strategies in the communication content. The words of the HR and the management team of the music company should be enough motivational to encourage the existing workforce to work harder towards achieving the goals of the company. At the time of termination of the employees and shutting down of the retail music store, the company should make the communications keeping in mind certain social aspects of the employees. The management of the company should explain to their existing employees how the new line of business that is the setting up of the e-commerce website to sell the products is effective in different ways.It is very important for the human resource manager of the company to clearly explain the tasks and roles of the employees in the new business environment. This would help the worke rs to understand their jobs better and this would improve their efficiency. The human resource approach of communication emphasises on the fact that the communication with the employees needs to be horizontal, vertical as well as diagonal. This would ensure smooth flow of resources and business ideas to all levels of the employees (pure.au.dk 2016). Another important aspect of communication at the time of downsizing and restructuring of the business is the channel of communication. The human resource manager may communicate with the employees and units of the business through written or oral methods. At the time of downsizing and restructuring the business, the human resource manager should communicate with the employees by sending them letters through mails. The mail should contain the reason for downsizing the store and also the actions that the company would take to overcome the problems. This would not give any scope of confusion in the minds of the employees.Employee Relationsh ips and timelineThe term employee relation denotes the relationship that the employees in the organisation shares among each other. Studies regarding the employee relationships reveal that healthy and positive relationship among the workers of the organisation acts a strong motivating factor. The healthy relationships help in enhancing the morale and confidence of the employees in the organisation. Maintaining good relations with the employees helps the employees to enjoy the work that they are doing (Managementstudyguide.com 2016). The employees would not feel the burden and pressure of work. All these would help increase the productivity of the music company. Hence, after restructuring the business line-up the human resource department of the organisation should ensure that proper and healthy relationship is maintained among the organisation. This would help the company to achieve their goals regarding the increase in the sale figures, generate more profit and reaching a wider ran ge of customers.The author describes a chart that gives the timeline of the full process of downsizing and restructuring the business of the music company. Conclusion The author of this report highlights much useful and relevant information about the restructuring and downsizing of the business organisation. The downsizing of an organisation has many drawbacks. Critics are of the view that downsizing does not always yield positive results. Critics claim that downsizing can result in some other problems. Some of these problems include low level of confidence among the employees, poor level of services to the customers and bad attitudes of the employees. Terminating employees to increase the competitiveness of the business often leads to unexpected results. There is a possibility of increase in the overtime wages of the employees. Downsizing would result in the loss of reliable and high-skilled employees. The company might have to bear additional expenses to find new and efficient workers for the restructured business plan. Reference: Agarwal, J. and Wu, T., 2015. Factors Influencing Growth Potential of Eà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Commerce in Emerging Economies: An Institutionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Based Nà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ OLI Framework and Research Propositions. Thunderbird International Business Review,57(3), pp.197-215.Andreeva, E., Hanson, L.L.M., Westerlund, H., Theorell, T. and Brenner, M.H., 2015. Depressive symptoms as a cause and effect of job loss in men and women: evidence in the context of organisational downsizing from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health. BMC public health,15(1), p.1.Ashman, I., 2015. The face-to-face delivery of downsizing decisions in UK public sector organizations: The envoy role. Public Management Review,17(1), pp.108-128.Birken, S.A., Lee, S.Y.D., Weiner, B.J., Chin, M.H. and Schaefer, C.T., 2013. Improving the effectiveness of health care innovation implementation middle managers as change agents. Medical Care Research and Review,70(1), pp.29-45.Centroidtraining.com. (2016). Data Ca pture. [online] Available at: https://www.centroidtraining.com/Pages/DataCapture.aspx.Fuda, P. (2012). 15 Qualities Of A Transformational Change Agent - Dr. Peter Fuda. [online] Dr. Peter Fuda. Available at: https://www.peterfuda.com/2012/11/16/15-qualities-of-a-transformational-change-agent.Lakshman, C., Ramaswami, A., Alas, R., Kabongo, J.F. and Pandian, J.R., 2014. Ethics trumps culture? A cross-national study of business leader responsibility for downsizing and CSR perceptions. Journal of Business Ethics, 125(1), pp.101-119.Managementstudyguide.com. (2016). What is Employee Relations ?. [online] Available at: https://www.managementstudyguide.com/what-is-employee-relations.htmNjoki Muchira, T. (2015). The Role of Human Resource Development as a Change Agent. Education Journal, 4(5), p.214.pure.au.dk. (2016). pure.au.dk. [online] Available at: https://pure.au.dk/portal-asb-student/files/36287677/BA_thesis_286683.pdfReferenceforbusiness.com. (2016). Downsizing and Rightsizing - str ategy, organization, levels, system, advantages, type, company, hierarchy, business. [online] Available at: https://www.referenceforbusiness.com/management/De-Ele/Downsizing-and-Rightsizing.htmlRhodes, J.D., Upshaw, C.R., Harris, C.B., Meehan, C.M., Walling, D.A., Navrtil, P.A., Beck, A.L., Nagasawa, K., Fares, R.L., Cole, W.J. and Kumar, H., 2014. Experimental and data collection methods for a large-scale smart grid deployment: Methods and first results. Energy, 65, pp.462-471.Smallbusiness.chron.com. (2016). What Ethical Issues Should a Manager Consider When Downsizing?. [online] Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/ethical-issues-should-manager-consider-downsizing-61674.htmlSonenshein, S., 2016. How corporations overcome issue illegitimacy and issue equivocality to address social welfare: The role of the social change agent. Academy of Management Review, 41(2), pp.349-366.store, O., sale, P., Button, B., Shop, F., store, T., store, A., store, H., Experts, S., in, L., sto re, O., sale, P., Button, B. and Shop, F. (2016). Ecommerce Business Blueprint: How To Build, Launch And Grow A Profitable Online Store Shopify. [online] Shopify's Ecommerce Blog - Ecommerce News, Online Store Tips More. Available at: https://www.shopify.in/blog/14459769-ecommerce-business-blueprint-how-to-build-launch-and-grow-a-profitable-online-store.the Guardian. (2011). How the internet has all but destroyed the market for films, music and newspapers. [online] Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/media/2011/aug/14/robert-levine-digital-free-ride.webuser.bus.umich.edu. (2016). webuser.bus.umich.edu. [online] Available at: https://webuser.bus.umich.edu/cameronk/PDFs/Downsizing/Strat%20Successful%20Org%20Downsizing.pdf.Wilcox, A.B., Gallagher, K.D., Boden-Albala, B. and Bakken, S.R., 2012. Research data collection methods: from paper to tablet computers. Medical care, 50, pp.S68-S73.www.rollingstone.com. (2016). www.rollingstone.com. [online] Available at: https://www.rolli ngstone.com/music/news/the-new-economics-of-the-music-industry-20111025.www.tutorialspoint.com. (2016). E-Commerce Advantages. [online] Available at: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/e_commerce/e_commerce_advantages.htm.YourArticleLibrary.com: The Next Generation Library. (2014). Sources of Marketing Research: (A) Internal, (B) External Sources of Marketing Research. [online] Available at: https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/marketing/sources-of-marketing-research-a-internal-b-external-sources-of-marketing-research/25860/.

Risk Management Aqua Plc.

Introduction Risk management is a critical aspect that provides organisations with the security to operate with limited danger. Managers can either reduce or avoid risks that are likely to encounter their respective organisations. This paper analyses in detail the risk situation faced by Aqua Plc., a water company.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Risk Management: Aqua Plc. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The firm has encountered increased competition due to its high operating costs and is seeking to lower the same through the acquisition of new equipment and materials. Project Objective The objective of the project is to address the poor market performance of Aqua Plc. The company has suffered mainly from two areas of technology and failure of control over its entire marketing procedure. As a result, its production has relatively been higher than that of its competitors in terms of cost, while the profit ma rgins have also been smaller. Risk Equipment acquisition There is likelihood that the new production line equipment may not be supplied to Aqua Plc in good time. The new equipment is being ordered from a supplier who must also get involved in testing its operations prior to the full launch. This means Aqua Plc directly relies on an external company to help it install and launch the equipment (Kremljak et al. 2012, p. 1717). It has no direct control over the equipment’s supplier and thus this is resulting in heightened risk. Apart from the supplier of the main equipment, provision of materials also needs to be undertaken by suppliers (Kremljak et al. 2012 p. 1717). The main equipment’s supplier does not deal with the necessary materials required for the functioning of the equipment. Aqua, thus, needs to enter into agreements with other supplier firms to enable the delivery of the materials, such as injections moulds, plastic materials, as well as other accessories.Adver tising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This further causes the risk in the sense that Aqua is depending on various supplier firms to sustain its new programme yet it lacks direct control over the supplier firms. Even where one supplier firm fulfils its obligation of delivering the materials, the project may still fail to take off because all suppliers involved must fulfil their obligations in time to enable the project take off. Technological impacts and aspects could as well result into a risk. While the suppliers may deliver the equipments in time, technological challenges may hamper the immediate operation of the same. The equipment’s standards and requirements may fail to match with the actual production at Aqua Plc (Real, Leal, Roldà ¡n, 2006, p. 284). In this case, it may require additional time for the supplier to acquire the right technology before launching the n ew equipment. Additionally, it may force Aqua Plc to spend additional capital, on top of the 1,500,000.00 already paid to have the proper alignment and installation of the new equipment. Impacts The suppliers’ delay to deliver the new production equipment will result in Aqua Plc continuing to operate under high production costs (Berry Collier, 2007, p. 1005). The frequent equipment breakdowns at the firm will continue, which hampers Aqua from attaining the targeted volume within the next two years. The price of its finished products will remain high, thereby limiting improvement of the firm’s performance in the market (Morten, John Harry, 2003, p. 369). Equally, the old equipment currently in use at Aqua does not help in the satisfaction of Health and Safety parameter, as well as achievement of the set water quality standards as is defined by the World Health Organisation, WHO. In essence, Aqua may still face difficulties in marketing its products because they do not meet the certified standards (Mitchell, Moutinho, Lewis, 2003, p. 1). Consumers often rely upon such standards before making their buy decisions (Beatty, Scott Liao, Weber, 2010, p. 17).Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Risk Management: Aqua Plc. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More New equipments often come with training on how to operate. The training takes significant time, depending on the complexity of the technology involved. In the case of Aqua, these trainings may imply the equipment operating at a lower rate as workers are educated on how to operate the machine and other related procedures (Yen-Ku Kung-Don, 2010, p. 287). Such a reduced scale of operation, on the other hand, would imply that the firm operates at below capacity thus failing to achieve its break-even point within the anticipated time. Change of Marketing Procedure The new marketing plans by Aqua Plc. pose as a risky affair for the com pany. Selling directly to the retailers may see the wholesalers and distributors shun Aqua products because of lack of market. Selling directly to the retailers is an indicator that the distributors and wholesalers will not be able to sell to the retailers. This is risky because reaching all the retailers will be costly for the firm. Additionally, it is a costly venture because the economy of scale advantage that comes with selling products to the wholesalers and distributors is not achievable with the retailers. Thus, the high costs of direct distribution to retailers would still minimise the profit margins of the firm (Burnard Bhamra, 2011, p. 5581). Impacts The high costs of distributing the company’s products directly to the retailers will see the firm lose its competitive ability further. The high costs of distribution will be passed down to consumers in form of increased prices. Thus, Aqua will continue facing the disadvantage of price in the market, compared to its co mpetitors and rival products (Reissner, 2008, p. 143). Qualitative Assessment of the Risk The qualitative risk faced by Aqua Plc. is high. The firm needs to pay a cost of 1,500,000.00 in order to acquire and establish its new equipment. Delays by the supplier will see the company having already spent the amount yet not benefiting from the equipment advantages. The continued use of the older equipment will thus see the firm’s operations maintain the high cost of operations, which is a disadvantage to its competitive business position.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More An alternative for the firm in case of delayed deliveries is to rely on the old equipment but operate on night shifts as well in order to meet the expected volume in production. This will see a further 185,000.00 being spent to sustain the night shift programme (Piercey, 2011, p. 223). There is also the aspect of damaged reputation, which comes in as a result of the delayed delivery of the equipment (Tong, 2013, p. 131). Water products are expected to meet health and safety directive as well as fulfil the acceptable quality standards as have been established by the World Health Organisation (WHO). The old equipment at Aqua does not satisfy these standards. Thus, a delayed delivery of the new equipment will see the company continue to sell products that do not meet the agreed set standards. Once consumers of the product become aware of the quality issues that are being compromised by Aqua, they will shun the product. Thus, Aqua will run into further losses as it will experience a big drop in its sales. A combination of the costs involved and the reputation risks makes the qualitative risk faced by Aqua Plc to be high (Soares et al. 2011, p. 69). Responses Risk avoidance Aqua can avoid the risk of delayed supplies by acquiring and installing the equipment well in advance, before the scheduled commencement date of April 30th. The supplier should be given early dates, of say March 31st as the deadline for delivery. In such an instance, even if the delivery delays and is done on April 10th, for instance, Aqua will still have ample time to install and test the equipment in readiness for the actual launching on April 30th ( Butler, 2010, p. 60). Aqua Plc. may as well consider increasing the capacity of its current equipment and therefore eliminating the need to have new equipment supplied. Because the old equipment is already in existence at the firm’s premises, there would be no chances of delays being experienced in terms of suppliers’ hindrance. Inst ead, Aqua will only need to introduce the night shift sessions such that its capacity is upgraded to the targeted volume. Risk reduction Aqua needs to have at least two different supplier firms for each category of equipment and materials. This will provide the firm with more assurance that the plan’s chances of failing are limited. As the deadline of the implementation approaches, Aqua needs to constantly keep in touch with the supplier to determine whether the ability to deliver the equipment on time is still there. In case for one reason or the other the supplier is unable to deliver as agreed, a second supplier firm should immediately be informed so that arrangements can be put into place (Baruch, Klosterman, 2013, p. 240). Alternatively, a better way of reducing the risk would be to include clauses in the supply contract that spell out measures to be applied to the breaching party (Ribeiro, 2005, p. 53). Aqua Plc. can consider including a clause that require the supplie r to pay 20 percent of the contract’s value in case delivery of the equipment is done after the scheduled dates. Any further delays, of say more than a week, should see the supplier pay up to 30 percent of the contract’s value. The money acquired from the penalty will be used to reduce the risk level, such as investing it on the current equipment in order to enable night shift operations. Recommendation The best remedy for Aqua Plc. in addressing the risk that it is currently facing is to avoid the risk altogether. In particular, the avoidance should be by way of acquiring the equipments in advance, before the actual launching date of April 30th. The firm should identify the rightful supplier but quote March 31st as the final date of delivering the equipment. Once delivery and installation is done as agreed, Aqua Plc. should engage the services of the supplier in test running the equipment to ascertain its viability. For a period of four weeks, between March 31st and A pril 30th, Aqua Plc should undertake training of its staffs, particularly those that will be involved directly in operating the equipment, to increase their efficiency. The services of the supplier firm should be hired to support in the training exercise. The official launching date of April 30th should see Aqua Plc run the new equipment at full-scale capacity. This will ensure that the firms’ objective of achieving its expected volume is actually attained on time. Conclusion Aqua Plc. is facing the challenge of increasing its production capacity in order to lower the high cost of production. Its marketing function has also established the need to directly distribute finished products to the retailers while by passing the distributors and suppliers. The firm has to acquire a new equipment to enable it achieve the right production levels. However, this is risky because the supplier for the new equipment is likely to delay and thus affect the production. The risk is high becaus e the cost of acquiring the new equipment is 1,500,000.00. Additionally, the old equipment currently in operation does not meet the health, safety and quality standards as are defined by the World Health Organisation. In essence, Aqua Plc further faces a reputation risk because buyers may easily shun the products by virtue of the fact that they do not meet the standards. The firm can avoid these risks by planning to acquire the equipment and materials well in advance, or upgrade the existing equipment to increase its volume capacity. A risk reduction remedy for the firm could involve adopting more than one supplier for contingency reasons or including clauses in the supply contracts that seeks to punish the supplier in case of delayed deliveries. Aqua should adopt the risk avoidance strategy of installing the equipments and materials prior to the launch date. List of References Baruch, S, Klosterman, B 2013, ‘A best practices approach to physical corporate preparedness utilis ing emergency supplies’, Journal of Business Continuity Emergency Planning, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 240-252 Beatty, A, Scott Liao, W, Weber, J 2010, ‘The effect of private information and monitoring on the role of accounting quality in investment decisions’, Contemporary Accounting Research, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 17-47 Berry, A, Collier, P 2007, ‘Risk in supply chains: exploratory case studies in the automotive industry’, International Journal of Risk Assessment Management, vol. 7, no. 8, pp. 1005-1026 Burnard, K, Bhamra, R 2011, ‘Organisational resilience: development of a conceptual framework for organisational responses’, International Journal of Production Research, vol. 49, no. 18, pp. 5581-5599 Butler, A 2010, ‘Risk avoidance’, Aviation Week Space Technology, vol. 172, no. 32, p. 60 Kremljak, Z, et al 2012, ‘Supply chain and identification of risks with heuristic tools’, TTEM- Technics Technologies Educatio n Management, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 1717-1726 Mitchell, V, Moutinho, L, Lewis, B 2003, ‘Risk reduction in purchasing organisational professional services’, Service Industries Journal, vol. 23, no. 5, pp. 1-19 Morten M, M, John, J, Harry, B 2003, ‘Managing buyer-supplier relationships and inter-organisational competence development’, Integrated Manufacturing Systems, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 369-379 Piercey, DM 2011, ‘Documentation requirements and quantified versus qualitative audit risk assessments’, Auditing, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 223-248 Real, J, Leal, A, Roldà ¡n, J 2006, ‘Determinants of Organisational Learning in the generation of technological distinctive competencies’, International Journal of Technology Management, vol. 35, no. 1/4, pp. 284-307 Reissner, SC 2008, Narratives of organisational change and learning: making sense of testing times, n.p.: Northampton, MA Ribeiro, R 2005, ‘Chapter 4: How to manage the risksâ€℠¢, Commercial contracts — Drafting Techniques Precedents. London: Thorogood Publishing Ltd. Soares, J et al. 2011, ‘Quantitative vs. qualitative criteria for credit risk assessment’, Frontiers in Finance Economics, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 69-87 Tong, S 2013, ‘Exploring corporate risk transparency: corporate risk disclosure and the interplay of corporate reputation, corporate trust and media usage in initial public offerings’, Corporate Reputation Review, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 131-149 Yen-Ku, K, Kung-Don, Y 2010, ‘How employees’ perception of information technology application and their knowledge management capacity influence organisational performance’, Behaviour Information Technology, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 287-303 This assessment on Risk Management: Aqua Plc. was written and submitted by user Raul S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

European History Essay

European History Essay European History Essay The Irish Unrest An Irish rebellion in 1798, led to Ireland becoming incorporated into the United Kingdom. This meant that Ireland was now dominated by English rule. The constituents of Ireland divided into two main groups; the nationalists, who supported an independent republic, and the conservatives, who favored the union. The Act of Union of 1801 sparked discrimination against religions, controversy over English influence, and rebellion from inhabitants that favored an independent republic. Religion was a main issue that came to a head when the Act of Union of 1801 was integrated. Protestants that originally settled in Ireland began to out lash at the government for not incorporating religion into the constitution. Document 2 references Protestants claiming inheritance of the constitution due to their ancestors fight for a Protestant government. Even though Protestants claimed a Protestant government, Document 9 references four provinces that are mostly dominated by Roman Catholics. Protestants did not only claim the constitution, but reflected hostility onto Catholicism. The Nationalist journalist, William Bulfin, in Document 10 believed that with a Protestant government, Catholicism would cease to exist in the country. Contrary to believers of Protestant rule, Document 11 references that others argued that since Protestants were not the majority they were not more influential than other minorities. Once the union formed, English influence and rule become a huge part of Ireland and how the country operated. The conservative party, although the minority, believed that home rule would ultimately lead to the destruction of the country and put the disloyal, dishonest, and thriftless people in charge. As Documents 7 and 12 reference the consequences of home rule, Document 1 plainly states that Ireland’s success rests in the hands of English rule. John Wilson Croker, in Document 5, believed that all civilized and successful aspects of Ireland were direct effects of English’s influence on Ireland.

Why you need to stop researching and start writing - Emphasis

Why you need to stop researching and start writing Why you need to stop researching and start writing Theres no getting away from it: research is addictive. And theres a good reason for that – were all hard-wired to search. Its a survival mechanism, programmed into us by evolution. As hunter-gatherers on the savannah, we needed something that would shake us from our slumber; that would make us get off our fur-clad backsides and look for food or shelter. As you need both to live, this was undeniably a positive trait. And so those ancestors who happened to get a kick out of finding things survived, while those who could take or leave the wildebeest-tracking or shelter-finding starved or risked attack at dawn. As a result, we all became programmed to look. That kick you get when you find something new is actually a surge in the production of the feel-good hormone dopamine. And where once it was useful, these days it can actually be a real handicap. Thats because we get a dopamine rush not just from finding food or shelter, but from finding information. And information is everywhere. We dont even need to find it: it finds us. In todays always-on, smartphone-dominated world, it can sometimes feel like information hunts or even haunts us. But we still have our original programming in place. We still want information. And our tech-connected world provides it in spades. We look, we find, we feel good (for a moment, at least), and we look for more. This positive feedback loop is a recipe for addiction. And addicts are what millions of us are. Dopamine compresses time. It makes an hour seem like a few minutes. (Time really does fly when youre having fun.) As Clay Johnson says in his book, The Information Diet, A quick check of email when we get home can often end up in evenings entirely lost to LCD screens. It actually takes energy to avoid information, because resisting the urge to search means overcoming millions of years of evolution. And when information is all around us, avoiding it can be exhausting. And so we come to writing – or, more specifically, not writing, because were still researching. When youve been given free licence to go hunting for facts, its going to be hard to stop – especially if youre an information junkie already. If youre researching a report, every new little nugget of data, every intriguing fact, gives you a (perhaps subconscious) frisson of pleasure and spurs you on to look for more. Research is also a safe place. As long as youre looking, your report is still perfect. As long as youre still searching, you dont have to face the terrifying prospect of being crippled by writers block. In the end, research itself can become another displacement activity. At some point, there will come a time when you have to stop researching and start writing. What you need to do to overcome this is start to stack the odds in your favour again. So here are five ways to do exactly that: 1. Set a time limit on your research A project without a deadline is a hobby. If it is a hobby, then great. But if youre being paid to find information, then at some point youre going to have to report back. Staying in research mode forever is pointless, so set a time limit. Put a date in your calendar or – for more regular, smaller projects – give yourself just a day or two, or even just a few hours. Then start writing. 2. Use placeholders in what you write It can actually be profitable to write with small gaps in your knowledge. I wrote this piece in 45 minutes, but I was only able to do that because I didnt allow myself time to look up the name of the author of the book I mentioned above. Instead, I just wrote [insert name of author] and carried on writing. You can come back and fill in the gaps later. 3. Read offline The internet is one giant warren of research rabbit holes that lead you to distracting websites (and usually, I find, to social media or endless news sites). Its all too easy to disappear down one while fact-finding, and to be gone for hours. Apps like Pocket  and Evernote overcome this. Pocket, for example, lets you send information (articles, videos and images) to an app that you read offline (on any platform), in a layout that looks more like a book and without distracting menus. It also lets you tag the items you add to it, as does Evernote. Its a real boon to effective research. 4. Get some sleep Burning the midnight oil could actually be working against you. It takes immense willpower to stay super-focused and – ultimately – to stop researching. And your brain needs to be on top form in order to connect ideas and get writing. No amount of coffee will push ideas quickly enough around a brain fogged by tiredness. 5. Practise information hygiene Wean yourself off your information addiction by limiting how much information can chase you. Every smartphone or computer notification is a distraction that you need energy to ignore. (The author Kathy Sierra calls them cognitive leaks.) If you give in to them, youll reinforce your addiction to research. If you dont, youll leach away energy – energy that would be much better spent writing. Ive got a confession: Im an information addict too. I love that dopamine rush. In fact, one of lifes more old-school pleasures for me is to visit a university library. I love the heady aroma of centuries of accumulated knowledge. But thats generally not why you research. You do it not just to discover, but to share. And if you dont share it, no one will ever know that you discovered it in the first place. So, stop researching, and start writing. Image credit: Pet Greens Live Catnip

The 2007 Cricket World Cup Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The 2007 Cricket World Cup - Essay Example Obtaining such funds was a big challenge, in that the organizers and the sports ministries involved had to present their governments with the requests for the allocation of funds to finance the renovations. This process took long before such funds were approved, with some countries like Jamaica almost wanting to cut down the fund proposals that were presented, claiming that spending $100 million on the cricket final hosting was not worth, since there was little observable benefit from hosting such an event to the country (Atherton, 2007). Low attendance is yet another challenge that faced the organizers of this event. The 2007 Cricket World Cup in the Caribbean was not attended by a large audience of fans. This lack of high attendance was caused by the restrictions that the organizers of the event had placed, for security purposes, which hindered any individual from bringing in outside items such as food, kits, musical instruments among other items mostly used by the fans during such events (Tyson, 2007). The organizers of the events over commercialized it, by requiring that those attending the event purchase requisite items for use from within, an aspect that killed the morale of the fans, who would have attended. The high prices charged for the ticket is yet another factor that hindered the large attendance of the fans to the event. This hindered the achievement of the set revenue target of $42 million (Jordan, 2006). Lack of good preparation is yet another challenge that faced the organizers of the events. Poor preparations led to some of the major venues where the event had to take place remain incomplete, by the time the event was kicking off (Chambers, 2007). Security concerns and the selection of incompetent jury, who caused confusion in the final match, are the other challenges that the organizers faced. There are various positive and negative impacts the 2007 Cricket World Cup in the Caribbean had on the countries that hosted the event. Among the posit ive impacts is the income generating opportunities that were presented to this countries, courtesy of the event (Tyson, 2007). With the event running for six weeks, there were many business opportunity that were open for the entrepreneurs in different industries of those countries to capitalize on. Such opportunities mostly favored the transport, the trade, tourism and hospitality industry as well as the entertainment industry. That was a period of high-income generation for such businesses, in that the goods and services they offer were in high demand due to a higher number of visitors. Improved cooperation and coordination is yet another positive impact that was brought by this event. The Caribbean countries were forced to enhance their cooperation and coordination, since the event required that all the countries in that island co-host the event, with each country hosting six matches. This being the situation, the countries were forced to coordinate and cooperate in the organizati on and management of the event, serving to enhance their relationships (Lakshman, 2008). Promotion of the region as a tourism destination is yet another benefit obtained by the Caribbean countries from hosting the event (Jordan, 2006). Since there were different people from various parts of the world who attended the event, they learnt the beauty of the region and its attractiveness, enhancing the chances of such visitors coming back to tour the region. Additionally, the focus of the media on the

Developing Creativity For Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Developing Creativity For Business - Essay Example An impressive example of a creative individual is Steve Wosnaik. Apple computer is the fruit of labor of this individual as the gadget is co-founded by him. Reaching this height is because of his qualities like – sticking to the idea even when they are challenged , maintaining individuality , courage to question the people in power etc. Considering a business as a jigsaw puzzle , creativity is one elusive piece that wins the game for the participant. Creativity has become important more than ever before. According to Stephen P. Robbins , following is the three-component model of creativity .Based on an extensive body of research , this model proposes that individual creativity essentially requires expertise , creative-thinking skills , and intrinsic task motivation. Expertise - the potential for creativity is enhanced , when individual have abilities , knowledge , proficiencies and similar expertise in their field of Endeavour. Creative thinking skills – this encompasse s personality characteristics associated with creativity , the ability to use analogies , as well as the talent to see the familiar in the different light. Intrinsic task motivation – this is the desire to work on something because its interesting , involving , exciting , satisfying or personally challenging. This motivational component is what turns creativity potential into actual creative ideas. Though these are the basic components of creativity , several others are discussed in the following pages. Thus to investigate the concept of creativity , I have taken the business of supermarket as the topic of my report. According to wordiq.com , a ‘supermarket is a store that sells a wide variety of goods including food and alcohol , medicine , clothes and other household products that are consumed regularly. It is often part of a chain that owns or controls ( sometimes big franchise ) other supermarkets located in the same or other towns , this increases the opportunities for economies of sale.’ According to dictionary.reference.com , ‘supermarket is a large retail market that sells food and other household goods and that is usually operated on a self-service basis.’ According to retailindustry.about.com, ‘Wal-Mart which has more than 8400 stores across the world , is by far the largest retailer in the world. France’s Carrefour is number 2.germany’s Metro AG overtook the United Kingdom’s Tesco chain and claimed third position.’ Due to the intrinsic growth and development of countries all across the globe , the local vendor scenario has been taken over by supermarkets. In recent times , supermarkets have shown a phenomenal growth. They now have in-house pharmacies , florists , catering services , prepared foods such as sandwiches , postal services , etc. Some supermarket chains even offer dry-cleaning services and few have started video-rental service. In a nutshell supermarkets are now providing a one-stop-shop experience. Most

Ethics and Abortion Essay Example for Free

Ethics and Abortion Essay Nicky was 18 when she started dating with James. They had unprotected premarital sex. After a few weeks, she found out that she was pregnant so she asked an advice from her doctor. She wasn’t ready for a baby yet. She still had her ambitions in life and she didn’t want to give up her social life. So she and James decided to abort the baby (Real Life: Abortion (Nickys Story), 2003). Yes, you read it right. In this time of one-night stands, premarital sex and unwanted pregnancies, abortion has become a common resort from responsibility. Abortion is the removal of an embryo or a POC (Product of Conception) from the uterus. Basically, there are two types of abortion: the spontaneous abortion and the induced abortion. Spontaneous abortion is the type that is caused by accident and/or by natural cases. It can also be caused by environmental factors. On the other hand, induced abortion is caused by human action. It is further categorized into therapeutic and elective. Therapeutic abortion is the act of removing the fetus from the uterus for reasons of safety and/or survival in the part of the mother, to preserve the mother’s health, to terminate pregnancy that would result in a child born with congenital disorders, and to selectively reduce the number of fetuses to lessen health risks regarding multiple pregnancies. Meanwhile, elective abortion is the kind of abortion performed for any other reason. There are two different but parallel theories regarding abortion—the consequential theory and the deontology theory. The consequential theory believes that an act is morally right if and only if it contributes to the common good(Williams, 1973. ). It outrightly supports abortion—may it be therapeutic or elective. In therapeutic abortion, if the mother life is at risk in having the pregnancy, then the consequential theory allows for such action. If having a baby destroys a person’s future career, then abortion is okay. Consequential theory denies that moral rightness depends solely on the anything other than the consequences (B. Hooker, 2000). Nonetheless, what makes this morally wrong is not the abortion itself but the consequences it may bring to the mother such as emotional trauma. Consequential theory ignores all morally relevant factors to the consequences as opposed to whatever the circumstances there may be(Mill, 1861). However, deontology theory asserts otherwise. Deontological ethics or duty-based ethics does not consider an act as good or evil per se but classifies the action as it is being performed or on the process of performing devoid of prejudice or pre-established ethical principles. It judges morality by evaluating the nature of the actions and the will of the person involved rather than what is achieved(Kay, 1997). It is also known as nonconsequentialism. Deontological judgment depends on the object or original nature of the act. It typically involves two important elements, prerogatives and constraints. Prerogatives deny that one should always choose the option with optimistic consequences and constraints place limitations on the actions that the person may do in order to bring about his own personal good. Thus, from the deontological parlance, abortion, because it takes away life, upsets nature’s way of creation, and denies the natural capacity of a woman to give birth, is objectively and intentionally malicious, although it could be justified in extreme cases which would merit for an exception. These two theories, in essence are different but somehow, they are compatible with each other. They do not really contradict each other, rather, they are analogous. Analogous theories are truly and essentially different but necessarily contradictory with each other in principle but they could have similar effects or conclusion per application that is why they are analogouspartly the same, partly different. In the present society, most women view abortion consequentially. They justify abortion by consequences it may cause. Let’s take Nicky’s situation as an example. Nicky believes that the abortion of their baby is right mainly because it was not yet the right time for them to have a baby. If she were to continue with her pregnancy, what would have happened? She would have lived a miserable lifenot having a job or a career and tied down with a baby. What if her boyfriend James left her? Could she find another man who would readily accept her despite her past? There were lots of things to be consideredschool, financial stability, and emotional stability. These and a lot more questions ran through Nicky’s mind before she decided to go with the abortion. Obviously, it is not easy to try to confuse one’s conscience. But if we look at it closely, it is a matter of rights. Women’s rights. Everybody makes mistakes. Nicky did a mistake by engaging in unprotected sexual intercourse with her boyfriend. Nevertheless, continuing the pregnancy could also be a mistake. Abortion, when we look at its consequences, is not a mistake. According to the Women’s Rights, â€Å"women have the right to bodily integrity and autonomy†. Whether or not the woman decides to resort to abortion of the fetus inside her body, it is her right to decide on that. Aside from that, women also have the right to parenthood and marriage. Women who have committed abortion should not be discriminated by the society. True, it is not such a nice image but hey, women are humans. Women have rights—equal rights—and dignity(2006, Human Rights Watch).

War on Drugs Causes the Viloation of Individual Rights Essays -- Expos

Everyone knows the parable of the emperor with no clothes. The significance of a child being the one to point out the emperor's nudity, as opposed to a sermonizing preacher or self-righteous intellectual, is simple to understand. Neither morality nor logic was responsible for stripping the emperor's veil of falsehood. All it took was the truth. One can't help but think of this when considering Gary Johnson, the Republican governor of New Mexico, who, despite pressure from power brokers at the top of his own party, has proclaimed that the emperor that is this country's war on drugs is not only naked to the world, but that its body is festering with the sores of moral decay and corruption. In the governor's own words, "The drug problem is getting worse. It's not getting better ... It needs to get talked about, and one of the things that's going to get talked about is decriminalization." He continues: "What I'm trying to do here is launch discussion ... I think it is the number one problem facing this country today... We really need to put all options on the table" (Albuquerque Journal, June 24, 1999). Not wishing to make a statement without providing viable ideas to support it, Johnson said that changing laws regarding the possession of marijuana would be a logical "first step" since pot is "probably the least dangerous of the identified narcotic drugs that we have" (Albuquerque Journal, July 1, 1999 and Hobbs News-Sun, July 2, 1999). Johnson is not simply grandstanding, as the facts of the situation point out clearly. Despite massive expenditures, the simple fact is that the war on drugs is a total failure. There is more, not less, drug-related violent crime in the United States today than 30 years ago. Far from pro... ...guaranteed by the Constitution. Undeniably, it is a violation of the basic principles of human dignity used to formulate the Constitution. Irrefutably, it provides an almost irresistible temptation for police abuse. And this is one of the mildest forms of enforcement in the hands of the drug warriors. In light of such bleak evidence, it is clear that the drug war has created no winners, but an abundance of losers. The biggest losers are the American citizens, who have seen their cherished rights discarded and continue to suffer decaying schools, nonexistent or inadequate health care, and crumbling infrastructure in poor and rural areas. And still, billions of dollars are poured into a campaign that is nothing more than a ponderous artifact with no place in a free society. The drug war failed a long time ago, and it's time to let it die. That is the naked truth.

College vs. High School Essay

Many students, especially those who do not have a family member who has been to college, think college is pretty much like high school, only bigger. But there are some very big differences. Many students who did not do well in high school blossom in college. Much of how college will differ depends on you. To be prepared, it helps you to know what differences lay ahead. Though academic requirements and student life vary depending on the college you attend, there are basic differences that apply in almost every case. One key step to a successful transition from high school to college is to anticipate and be prepared for the differences between the two settings. This is especially true for students with disabilities. In addition to dealing with the same transition issues that all students face, they also have the added challenge of changes in how support services are requested and arranged. In college, students must play a more active role and assume more responsibility. Because you will probably be over 18 years old in college, you will be treated like an adult. This is because you will be an adult. As an adult, you will have to make sure you do what you’re supposed to do, you will be responsible for the way you live, and you will have to meet greater expectations from others. Generally, there are fewer rules and regulations imposed by others in college. You will be expected to make and stick to your own schedule, as well as keep up on all your work. Professors expect you to be in class to learn. And whether or not you learn is your responsibility. Many students, after a brief period of adjustment, will settle into a balanced lifestyle of work and play. Those who don’t usually do not make it through their first year. In college, you will take on more responsibility for your decision, actions, and lifestyle. This is part of being on your own. Professors and administrators will probably not give you a hard time about your clothes, your hair, or your general behavior. But do be prepared to be held accountable for your behavior. There is no one to blame for not waking up on time, not eating properly, or not washing your clothes. People will expect more of you and expect you to develop in your own unique way in college. In high school, you are often expected to behave or perform to a minimum standard. Some people will expect you to go beyond minimal performance in college, so you can grow and develop as a person. You will also begin to realize what a great effect you can have – both positive and negative – on yourself, on others, and on the world around you. This can be both exciting and frightening. In college, you will be free to explore numerous paths and interests that were simply not open to you in high school. There are more foreign languages, arts, and sciences offered in college. Subjects like philosophy and religion are also taught at college but probably not in high school. Some subjects are taught differently in college. In high school, for instance, history may have been mainly names, dates, and places. You had to memorize facts and figures. In college, those facts are not nearly as important as why certain events and actions happened. In college English, less time may be spent on grammar and spelling (it is assumed you have mastered these) and more on writing creatively and criticizing literature. Many classes will be organized differently from the traditional high school lecture class. Some will be big lecture classes followed by small discussion groups. Some professors will have you read books, write papers, and discuss both in class. You may even have the chance to read independently with a professor or design your own research projects. Grading will be different, too. In some classes, you will have nothing but essay tests. In other, your entire grade will be determined by a single large paper or project. You may even have classes in which a group project is the primary grade. High school is a place you go to seven or eight hours a day, less than half the days of the year. Many colleges are set up to be your home – you will eat and sleep there, spend time off there, make new friends there, even do your laundry there. Therefore, chances are good that college will have an even greater effect on you than high school did. In fact, it will be a time in your life like no other.

Monomyth Cycle in Star Wars

The once there was a galaxy far far away where one man had to learn about becoming a hero and finding himself through his journey. You may know of this story because there was a clue in the first sentence. Yes, this is the story of Luke Skywalker and his journey to become a Jedi knight. However, you may not realize that during the filming of Star Wars IV, the director worked very closely with Joseph Campbell. What is a mythologist doing on the set of one of the greatest science fiction of all time? Well Luke experiences what Campbell calls the Monomyth Cycle, during the movie.While Luke followed this path there were some relevant parts of the cycle that defined him the most. When he crosses the threshold into his 2nd world, Luke finds himself lost in a new world. During his road of trials, Luke finds his purpose through the tasks he must perform. Lastly, Luke’s efforts to join the Dark side are being planned to ruin the universe’s hopes of freedom. Crossing the threshol d is when the hero first crosses into the second world, which is unknown to him. Luke is seen here as a man who left his friends in hopes of completing his mission to become a Jedi knight.He leaves the ice planet of Hoth and leaves for Degoba where he is to meet the great Jedi master Yoda and learn from him. This step according the Campbell is to be very rocky transition into the hero’s new world. And likewise, Luke crash lands on the unknown planet of Degoba and at first sight the planet is a dense forest with unknown creatures. Immediately after he lands and dismounts from his ship, R2-D2 is eaten by a sea monster but soon returned to Luke. While trying to fix R2 Luke first a weird green alien, who helps Luke find shelter in his hut.Luke urges the alien that he must meet with master Yoda and finds that the alien is actually Yoda. Immediately Luke feels he is ready to become a Jedi but Yoda informs Luke that his father was reckless and he was powerful (Star Wars V). Luke fee ls disheartened but he is determined to become a Jedi at any cost. Luke finally finds the master and planet he was looking for but Yoda tells him that he will gain fear through his training. During the road of trials the hero must overcome obstacles in order to find his place in the new world.In Luke’s case, he meets master Yoda and must learn to become a Jedi in order to save the universe. In his first task Luke must overcome and become physically fit in order to train his mind from succumbing to evil. Luke passes this task with ease with Yoda’s guidance. The second trial was when Luke entered the cave on Degoba where he faced his worst fear. He sees Darth Vader and then slays him but he sees himself as Vader and finds that his worst fear is to join the Dark side. Then Luke must learn to use the force because the force is a Jedi’s life essence and a true Jedi can manipulate the force to work to his needs.His third trial trains him to lift stones, clear his mind , and focus while using the force. However, he learns that the force can give him the sight to see the future the present and past. This scares Luke at first because he sees his friends in peril and he chooses to help them. When Yoda and Obi-Wan persuade him to stay and finish his training, he agrees but when Luke learns to use the force with more ease, his next trial is the get his ship that had crashed when he landed in Degoba (Star Wars V).Yoda informs him that the force can help Luke get his ship back, but only if he can focus. He fails because he thought of the ship being too big for the force to move it. The next trial he must go through is to complete his training on Degoba but he fails to become a true Jedi and leaves Degoba (Star Wars V). Through this step in Luke’s cycle you see the hardships he had to overcome. Throughout the movie Darth Vader and Darth Sidious are formulating a plan to force Luke into the dark side of the force and be used as an extension of the E mpire’s power over the universe.This is first seen when Sidious tells Vader to try to turn Luke to the dark side and be used as an asset to the empire and the Emperor’s power. Vader follows Luke throughout the movie to get in direct contact with him but he realizes that Luke will only face Vader if Luke’s friends are in danger. Vader goes to Cloud City and holds Luke’s friends captive until he receives word that his prey has finally come to him. Luke battles his way through the invaded city and to the chamber where he meets Vader. In the final battle with Darth Vader Luke is constantly asked to join the dark side and Vader finds himself trying not to kill him.During the battle Vader tells Luke that his place in the new world is with Vader and Emperor and that only Luke’s hatred can destroy Vader (Star Wars V). A Jedi must never hate or love because it is the path to the dark side (Star Wars III). Some archetypes appear in this part of the movie whe re Luke is clothed in white and is seen as the hero and Vader is seen as a shadow in all black and the temptress. After Luke gets his hand cut off, Vader tells Luke that if Luke joins him in the Empire he can complete his training and begin his reign.Vader further tells Luke that he can kill the Emperor and rule the universe alongside him as â€Å"father and son† (Star Wars V). After reviewing the preceding evidence it is clear that Luke’s journey in his Monomyth Cycle had defining steps that showed him new worlds, tested him and was tempted by evil. During Luke’s rocky entrance into his new world, Luke finds himself in peril early but escapes. He meets a green alien that will teach him to become a Jedi and be able to become a new hope for the universe.During his road of trials Luke proves to Yoda that he is too weak to become a Jedi even though he faces his fears of joining the dark side, clearing his mind, and focusing on using the force. Luke chooses his frie nds over completing what he sent out to do. Lastly, in the final battle of the movie Luke is tempted to join the dark side or die with hopes of controlling the universe with his father and killing the Emperor to do so. Throughout the fifth installment of the Star Wars series, Luke goes through the Monomyth cycle in order to find himself and defeat the evil in him.